Summary of a sample of Zavtra.ru articles published in 1996
LLM-generated content, may include inaccuracies
This page includes LLM-generated summaries of articles published on Russian weekly newspaper Zavtra. They may be useful for a first overview of the contents published by Zavtra, but they have not been reviewed and they almost certainly include inaccuracies.
Clicking on the title of each article will bring you to the original publication on Zavtra’s official website.
This page includes an LLM-generated summary of a random sample of 100 articles out of a total of 328 articles published in 1996 (coverage: 30%). For more context, details on how this was implemented, and links to other years, see the index page.
ANNOUNCEMENT
1996-10-14 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
On October 20th at 17:00, there will be an evening concert at the Small Hall of the Central Library featuring laureates of the 1st All-Russian Poetry Contest named after Sergei Yesenin. The performers are Svetlana Maximova, Denis Korotaev, and Arseny Konetsky. The host is Evgeny Yushin. Admission is free.
That was just Russian.
1996-10-14 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a remembrance of Georgiy Kunicin, a prominent and complex figure at the Moscow Literary Institute. Kunicin’s life was marked by a fascinating blend of experiences – from his early days as a railway worker and soldier in World War II, to his academic career, including multiple degrees and a controversial dissertation that was ultimately rejected despite widespread praise. He was a respected, though sometimes frustrating, lecturer known for his challenging views on Marxism-Leninism and his unique approach to philosophical inquiry, often expressed through titles like “Man, History, and the Universe.” Kunicin’s life was characterized by a significant and sometimes tragic arc, including multiple injuries and a disability, alongside his extensive contributions to literature and philosophy. He was a respected figure within the Communist Party, though his intellectual independence and critical perspectives occasionally put him at odds with the party establishment. The text emphasizes Kunicin’s enduring legacy, highlighting his numerous publications and the profound impact he had on generations of students at the Literary Institute, describing him as a “lion” in appearance and intellect. The author, Sergei Yesin, portrays Kunicin as a deeply thoughtful and often contradictory individual, a man whose life and work remain remarkably relevant even today.
Heroes and villains
1996-10-14 - Aleksandr Boroday
The article, “Heroes and Cowards (Who is Suffering from the Chechen Syndrome?)” by Alexander Borodai, critiques the widespread negative portrayal and stigmatization of Russian veterans of the Chechen war. Borodai argues that the public perception of these veterans as suffering from a “Chechen syndrome” – characterized by mental instability and social dysfunction – is largely a manufactured narrative.
He contends that this narrative was actively promoted by media and political figures following the war, attributing it to a deliberate attempt to discredit the veterans and undermine their potential political influence. Borodai points out that the veterans’ struggles are often linked to broader societal issues – a period of economic and political instability, coupled with a lack of support upon their return – rather than inherent psychological damage.
He draws parallels with the experiences of veterans from other conflicts, including the First and Civil Wars in Russia, and the Vietnam War in the United States, arguing that veterans’ mental health is more influenced by societal factors than by the trauma of combat itself. He emphasizes that veterans, regardless of the outcome of their wars, represent a vital source of stability and strength for a nation, particularly during times of crisis. The author concludes that the “Chechen syndrome” is a deliberate attempt to marginalize and silence a potentially powerful segment of Russian society.In the ages past, I saw the ideal.
1996-10-14 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a travelogue and reflective essay by Mikhail Basmanov detailing his 1983 trip to China, primarily focusing on visits to historical and literary sites. He explores the legacy of several prominent Chinese poets from the Song Dynasty, including I. An (Li Qingzhao), Su Dunpo, and Yue Fei. Basmanov expresses admiration for their dedication to ideals of peace, love, and resistance against corruption and oppression, contrasting this with the perceived manipulations of powerful figures like Qin Gui.
He emphasizes the resilience and continuity of Chinese culture despite historical upheavs, noting the natural flow of life and the enduring power of traditional values. Through his visits to places associated with these figures – Hangzhou, parks, and memorials – Basmanov reflects on the importance of upholding moral principles and the cyclical nature of history, culminating in a personal meditation on the human condition and the pursuit of ideals. The text is punctuated by several original poems written during his journey, serving as expressions of his observations and emotions.The light of a cruel star
1996-10-14 - Vladislav Shurygin
This text is a collection of fragmented letters and recollections surrounding the death of Captain Petrov during the Chechen conflict. It’s a deeply melancholic and somewhat surreal portrayal of a soldier’s experience, marked by disillusionment, loss, and a sense of isolation.
The core narrative revolves around Captain Petrov, a respected and beloved officer who, despite his role in a brutal war, possessed a surprisingly gentle and thoughtful nature. His letters reveal a man grappling with the absurdity of war, his faith, and his relationships, particularly his connection with a woman who was his wife.
The text is characterized by a cyclical repetition of themes: the horrors of war, the futility of violence, the difficulty of finding meaning in a chaotic world, and the enduring power of human connection. The fragmented nature of the letters – snippets of conversations, memories, and reflections – creates a disjointed and dreamlike atmosphere.
The narrator, a fellow soldier named Ryzhik, provides a voice of observation and lament, often expressing a profound sadness and a sense of helplessness. He recounts the events surrounding Petrov’s death, the chaotic conditions of the war zone, and the soldiers’ attempts to cope with the trauma.
Ultimately, the text is a poignant meditation on the human cost of conflict and the enduring search for meaning in a world defined by violence and loss. It’s a story about a man’s brief, impactful life cut short, and the lingering impact of his death on those who knew him. The recurring imagery of drinking, the “star” that haunts the narrator, and the repeated references to the “captain” all contribute to a sense of unease and a feeling that the story is trapped in a loop of grief and remembrance.ANNOUNCEMENT
1996-10-14 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
A musical-poetic evening featuring young authors and poets will be held on Monday, October 28th, at 7:00 PM at the Central House of Writers (B. Nikitskaya, 53). The event is hosted by poet Alexander Bobrov and television presenter Irina Pravdina, and includes performances by artists such as Larisa Trukhina, Nikolai Melnikov, Anna Litvinenko, Vladimir Patrushev, Igor Muravyov, Dmitry Moskovsky, Elena Lamband, Alexander Kosenov, Svetlana and Yuri Selivanov, Nikolai Sakharov, Lyudmila Katano, Sergey Krasotkin, and the “Relikt” trio. Tickets are available at the Central House of Writers’ box office and the Bureau of Literature Promotion.
Maschafov grozit Kulikovu.
1996-10-14 - Vladislav Shurygin
Chechnya is increasingly resembling a Latin American state, with figures like Yandarbiyev and Maschadov, nationalization, and executions of perceived traitors. The Khasavurtov agreements are disregarded, with Dudayev supporters strengthening their power gained from Lebed. Maschadov is reorganizing the Chechen army, consolidating units into territorial brigades, and conducting a weapons inventory. Booby-trapped roads, bridges, and mountain passes are being mined, and fortifications are being built. Maschadov plans to defeat Russia, and is negotiating the potential handover of 101st and 205th internal troops brigades, with the condition that they be staffed by Chechens. He is also developing plans to support Lebed and discredit Kulikov, potentially through a blockade and ultimatum for the internal troops brigades. Combatants are specifically targeting internal troops, and are focused on clearing the Northern Airport to restore international connections.
Post-election debts
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text, dated October 22, 1996, analyzes the disastrous October 1996 visit by U.S. Defense Secretary William Perry to Russia. The visit was primarily a “pre-election” effort by President Clinton to secure Russian cooperation regarding the Strategic Nuclear Weapons Treaty (START-2) and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) – commonly known as “Star Wars.” Perry’s visit failed to achieve its goals, primarily because the U.S. demanded immediate ratification of START-2 while simultaneously pursuing the deployment of U.S. missile defense systems, specifically the “Thaad” system, which Russia viewed as a direct threat to its nuclear deterrent.
The visit exposed a fundamental disconnect between the U.S. and Russia, with Russia perceiving the U.S. actions as a deliberate attempt to undermine its strategic position. The U.S. secured a concession from Russia regarding the classification of “Thaad” missiles as tactical, effectively allowing their deployment near Russian strategic missile sites. However, this agreement ultimately proved detrimental to Russia’s security, as the “Thaad” system could be used as a strategic missile defense system.
The author argues that this visit highlighted a lack of genuine strategic understanding within the Russian leadership and foreshadowed a more difficult and potentially destabilizing relationship with the United States under President Clinton, who was perceived as prioritizing short-term political gains over Russia’s long-term security interests. The text concludes with a warning about the potential for further strategic missteps and the need for Russia to maintain a firm stance in the face of increasing U.S. pressure.From the editorial team
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Russian civilization is riddled with the emptiness of Yeltsinism, characterized by decay, pessimism, and a loss of harmony, particularly in rural and traditional communities. Freedom without a national ideal has transformed villages into reservations, with intellectuals exploiting rural life through lavish estates and indulgence. Traditional forms of rural engagement, such as populist movements and modern farming, are seen as relics of the past. The village itself is attempting to rediscover its identity, with the help of a prominent Russian intellectual, Yuri Ivanov, who is guiding the development of a new rural community based on the teachings of Porfiry Ivanov.
Ivan Tsarevich’s School
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text, a report from a rural school’s parent-teacher meeting in 1996, details a pedagogical approach centered on the holistic well-being of children. The teacher, Antonina Ivanova, advocates for addressing children’s health and development not as a medical issue, but as a result of psychological and emotional factors within the family environment.
The core of her method involves creating a positive, supportive atmosphere free from negative thoughts and anxieties, recognizing that children are highly sensitive to their parents’ emotional states. She utilizes techniques like outdoor activities (e.g., cold water immersion), postural correction, and encouraging open communication to foster a healthier emotional landscape.
The report highlights a shift in understanding – that children are reflections of their parents’ relationships and mental states. It emphasizes the importance of parental self-awareness and emotional health as a foundation for raising healthy children. The meeting successfully encourages parents to re-evaluate their perspectives on child-rearing, focusing on creating a positive and supportive environment rather than imposing rigid rules or anxieties. The success of the approach is demonstrated through observed improvements in children’s health, posture, and academic performance. The meeting concludes with a sense of shared understanding and a commitment to fostering a more positive and supportive family environment.Office maneuvers
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Following a rapid shift within the Russian military, including the replacement of Chief of the General Staff General of the Army Kolesnikov with General-Colonel Samsonov and the dismissal of personnel due to alleged ethical violations, the changes are linked to the new Minister of Defence, Igor Rodionov. These events are being interpreted as either the beginning of a military reform or behind-the-scenes Kremlin maneuvering. The Airmobile Troops (VDV), previously shielded by Minister Pavel Grachev, faced increasing resentment from the Ground Forces. The departure of the former Chief of the General Staff Kolesnikov and the involvement of Security Council Secretary Lebedev further fueled tensions. A directive was issued to reduce the VDV from 60,000 to 40,000 and dissolve some units, with General-Major Kazantsev being removed as a consequence. The situation highlights a conflict between the VDV’s privileged status and the desire of the Kremlin and military leadership to control all armed groups, ultimately causing a significant disruption to Russian military security.
Subscription to the newspaper “BLACK HUNDRED” has been announced.
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The newspaper “BLACK HUNDRED” is now available for subscription. The monthly publication, established in 1992, will continue to advocate for the Holy Orthodox Faith, the Russian people, and traditional Russian statehood. It will feature extensive articles on Orthodox faith, church history, Russian politics, and efforts to restore Russian historical statehood, with a particular focus on exposing Masonic and anti-Orthodox influences. The subscription price remains at 27,000 rubles for six months, and subscriptions can be obtained through postal transfer to the editorial office at 12-57, Bulg. Gruzinskaya St., Moscow, 123242.
Don’t throw around.
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text offers advice for improving one’s health and well-being, primarily through lifestyle changes and positive actions. It recommends daily cold water immersion, abstaining from alcohol and smoking, periodic fasting, spending time in nature, acts of kindness and charity, overcoming negative personal traits, and valuing relationships. The core message is to live a healthy, compassionate, and mindful life.
Victory at Kursk Bulge
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The editorial congratulates General Alexander Rutsky, a Hero of the Soviet Union and co-chairman of the CPRF, on winning the gubernatorial election in the Kursk region. It highlights the principled action of the Kursk Communist Party secretary, Alexander Mikhailov, who stepped aside to support his political partner despite obstacles created by the regime.
Agency “Den”
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Yeltsin cried upon learning of Lebed’s resignation from Chubais. “Russian Legion,” led by Minkin, is being formed. Kilkin will oversee Russian security. Russia will enter the 21st century with Chubais and a “saddle.” Remaining paratrooper equipment will be used for curtains at the Ministry of Defense. An atomic cruiser, “Lviv,” was launched to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Russian Navy. Reductions in the Russian army will make it less visible to enemy intelligence. During the moment Tsar Ivan the Terrible killed his son on stage, a voice was heard from Lebed’s lodge: “This is what you deserve, Chubais!”
Presumption of guil
1996-10-21 - Sergey Semanov
This text explores the concept of “presumption of innocence” within the context of European legal traditions, particularly comparing it to Russian legal and societal values. It begins by establishing the Roman legal foundation shared across Europe and contrasts this with the Orthodox Christian perspective, where spiritual “grace” takes precedence over legal “law.” The author critiques the Nюрнберг trial as a flawed application of the presumption of innocence, arguing that it was politically motivated and violated established legal principles.
The text then advocates for a proactive approach to societal instability, suggesting immediate measures against specific categories of individuals – former Communist officials, wealthy property owners, those building extravagant residences after 1991, brothel keepers, and propagandists – to “heal” society. It argues for the importance of preparing for “unforeseen circumstances” and utilizes the Nюрнберг trial’s “precedent” as a justification for these drastic actions, despite acknowledging the legal and moral concerns surrounding them. The core argument is a call for decisive action to address perceived societal threats, prioritizing a swift and forceful response over adherence to established legal norms.Chinese answer
1996-10-21 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
The text is a personal reflection by Alexander Prokhanov following a trip to China in October 1996, focusing on the stark contrast between China’s trajectory and Russia’s perceived decline. Prokhanov argues that Russia missed a crucial opportunity to develop, failing to harness its rational, centrally-planned potential after the collapse of the Soviet Union. He attributes this failure to a series of missteps, including the embrace of a destructive “liberal fascism” and the inability of Russia’s elite to effectively manage the transition.
The core of the text is a lament for lost potential, viewing China’s successful shift towards a mixed economy – combining state control with private enterprise – as a model tragically missed by Russia. Prokhanov expresses deep concern about the current state of Russia, characterizing it as a “hole” filled with the remnants of a failed system and dominated by an irresponsible and destructive elite. He emphasizes the importance of a strong, centrally-planned state in guiding development and expresses skepticism about the prospects for a successful return to a socialist model in Russia. The text concludes with a sense of sorrow and a recognition of China’s confident progress while Russia struggles with its legacy.In his Orekhovka.
1996-10-21 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text is a collection of fragmented thoughts and reflections, primarily centered around a figure referred to as “The Teacher” and his teachings. It explores themes of lineage, health, relationships, and the connection between individuals and nature. The core message emphasizes the importance of understanding one’s roots, accepting the consequences of choices, and aligning oneself with the natural order. It suggests that physical and mental ailments often stem from a disconnect from this natural alignment, and that seeking solutions requires a deep understanding of one’s own nature and the Teacher’s wisdom. The text advocates for careful consideration of one’s actions, particularly regarding family and personal choices, and highlights the role of observation and introspection in achieving well-being. It stresses the importance of respecting the Teacher’s guidance and interpreting his words thoughtfully, rather than relying on superficial interpretations.
Martyr General and the Red Dog
1996-10-21 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
The text uses a game of “gorodki” (a Russian children’s game with wooden pegs) as a metaphor for Anatoly Chubais’s political career. Chubais is portrayed as ruthlessly dismantling opposition, exploiting political instability, and causing widespread harm, including economic devastation and military failures. He is ultimately defeated, becoming a symbol of popular resistance, while the “Lebeď” (Goose) – a sophisticated computer – represents a new, unstoppable force. The narrative concludes with a sense of impending doom and a cyclical pattern of Russian history.
(Figure) Who stole the “Kremlin bath”?
1996-10-28 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text is an interview with artist Sergei Bocharev, a Russian painter who has worked extensively in portraiture and landscape, and has exhibited internationally. Bocharev recounts a bizarre and unsettling experience where his significant painting, “The Kremlin Bath,” was stolen shortly before an exhibition. He believes the theft was a deliberate attempt to discredit his critique of Russia’s leadership, expressed in his exhibition titled “The Confession of a Communist.” He describes the painting as depicting an inappropriate scene in the Георгиевский зал of the Kremlin, symbolizing his disapproval of the country’s leadership. Bocharev details a series of events including a fabricated traffic stop and the disappearance of the artwork. He expresses deep frustration and suspicion regarding the motives behind the theft, viewing it as a manifestation of envy and hostility towards Russia and its artistic expression. He discusses his artistic influences, including Karl Bryullov and his time studying in Paris and Rome, and his deep connection to Moscow, particularly its spiritual atmosphere and historical significance. He concludes by stating his intention to continue painting, focusing on both genre scenes and the beauty of the Russian landscape, reflecting his enduring love for his country and his critical perspective on its current state.
Valid actio
1996-10-28 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This transcript is a recorded conversation between a journalist and the spiritual leader of Hezbollah, Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, conducted in Beirut. Fadlallah expresses a critical view of the “peace process” in the Middle East, arguing it’s driven by Western interests and ignores the will of the Palestinian people. He believes true peace requires the return of Palestinians to their homes and rejects the Israeli model of peace as detrimental to Palestinian interests.
He views Syria and Iran as supporting the southern Lebanese resistance against Israeli occupation, though he emphasizes that the struggle is fundamentally a Lebanese one. He dismisses the possibility of a future reconciliation with Israel, citing the historical injustice of Israel’s creation and the ongoing occupation. He believes Hezbollah’s actions, including martyrdom operations, are a necessary form of resistance stemming from the conditions that fuel it.
Fadlallah paints a pessimistic picture of the future of the Middle East, arguing that the “peace process” is imposed by Western powers and ignores the voices of the people. He anticipates a future dominated by a shifting geopolitical landscape involving Russia, Europe, Japan, and China, with a potentially more intense economic struggle than a purely political one. He advises caution for Russia in its dealings with the United States, advocating for a focus on Eastern markets and partnerships.New face of Japa
1996-10-28 - M. Dmitriyev
This text, dated October 29, 1996, analyzes Japan’s shifting geopolitical landscape following the end of the Cold War. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), led by R. Hashimoto, is aggressively pursuing a new role as a major regional and global player. Key developments include Japan’s acceptance into the UN Security Council, a renewed military buildup including rearmament and a focus on exporting and financial investments, and a strategic ambition to challenge the United States and China in the Asia-Pacific region.
The LDP’s rise is fueled by a desire for “revenge” and nationalistic sentiment, supported by close ties between the party and powerful Japanese corporations (dzaibatsu). This ambition is particularly focused on exploiting Russia’s weakened position, specifically targeting the Russian Far East.
The text highlights a growing rivalry between Japan and Russia, driven by Japan’s expansionist goals and Russia’s vulnerability. It emphasizes the importance of Russia’s response, warning that a failure to counter Japan’s influence could lead to significant losses for Russia in the region. The author stresses the need for Russia to develop a strong counter-strategy, particularly in relation to the disputed Kuril Islands, before a planned visit by Russian Foreign Minister Y. Primakov to Tokyo in November 1996.(Let’s) Go home!
1996-10-28 - Dmitriy Agranovskiy
This text discusses several musical releases and events related to the Soviet-era band “Гражданская оборона” (Civil Defense). It details a concert featuring “Дмитрий Ревякин и Соратники” and “Хобо” on February 17, 1990, highlighting the band’s performance of key songs like “Особый резон,” “По трамвайным рельсам,” “От большого ума,” and “Домой!” A significant release is the 8-cassette collection of “Гражданская оборона” albums, a limited edition of 5000 copies. The text also expresses a desire for a similar release of the band “Коммунизм.” Finally, it announces a concert titled “НИКТО, КРОМЕ НАС!” on November 2, 1996, with “Дмитрий Ревякин и Соратники” and “Хобо.”
“Agency of the Day”
1996-10-28 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text includes several unusual and potentially satirical anecdotes: a weekly broadcast of presidential radio messages, reports on the private relationships of figures like Chubais and the details of a bizarre scene involving a man named Livshits, and the discovery of new pathogens named after Rostropovich and Galina Vishnevskaya, alongside a narrative of political maneuvering.
Bulletin: Decree No. 1400-bis
1996-11-04 - Sluzhba bezopasnosti Denʹ
The text outlines a planned anti-constitutional coup orchestrated by a group led by Yegor Chernomyrdin and, primarily, spearheaded by figures associated with Yegor Gaidar, including Vladimir Potanin, Arkady Voitinsky, and Boris Berezovsky, with strong backing from figures like Mikhail Zadornov and leveraging the influence of figures like Anatoly Chubais. The core of the plan involves destabilizing the Russian government through a manipulated budget, potentially leading to the dismissal of Chernomyrdin and the appointment of individuals like Gaidar or Chubais as interim prime ministers.
The plan relies on divisions within the Duma, particularly between the Communist Party (led by Gennady Zyuganov) and the government, and seeks to exploit discontent among governors, regional leaders, and even within the military and law enforcement. A key tactic involves creating a parallel executive body under the Security Council, and a coordinated media campaign to discredit the government and sow confusion.
The text details a two-phase operation: a constitutional phase involving budget manipulation and potential Duma dissolution, followed by a non-constitutional phase utilizing propaganda, manipulating regional elections, and potentially mobilizing protests. The Communist Party is seen as a crucial element in this strategy, and the text suggests a potential shift in their focus towards active mobilization.
Ultimately, the coup aims to consolidate power within the group, and the text highlights the group’s anxieties about the potential for a unified opposition front. The text suggests that the Communist Party, if properly mobilized, could effectively counter the coup.Unpolitical murder
1996-11-04 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The suicide of Vladimir Zinovievich Nechay, director of the Chelyabinsk-70 Federal Nuclear Center, shocked Russians and is viewed as a deliberate elimination of the country’s scientific elite by the regime. The event is seen as a tragedy stemming from the regime’s disregard for scientists, particularly given the center’s privileged status and subsequent devaluation of its work. Older scientists in cities like Chelyabinsk faced hardship due to lack of funding, support, and purpose, leading to immense stress and a sense of being abandoned by the state.
Disgusting sensatio
1996-11-04 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
On October 6th, Spanish newspaper “El Mundo” published an article stating that Anatoly Chubais, a former advisor to Boris Yeltsin, may have been a CIA agent, based on a report by “Focus” magazine which revealed Chubais assisted in exposing a CIA official, Oldridge Eyms, in 1994. The article calls for a serious investigation of this information by Russian authorities.
ANNOUNCEMENT
1996-11-04 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
October Square was the gathering place for participants in a patriotic march and rally in Russia, with the gathering starting at 9:00 AM.
Does Russia need a center?
1996-11-04 - M. Mamikonyan
This text, written in 1996, analyzes the tumultuous political landscape of Russia following the presidential elections and the rise of regional power. It argues that the elections, occurring amidst an economic crisis and widespread disillusionment, have created a deeply ambiguous and unstable situation. Key themes include the growing assertiveness of regional governors, many of whom openly challenge the authority of the central government, particularly in Moscow.
The author highlights a breakdown in trust and a lack of effective governance, fueled by corruption, economic hardship, and a perceived inability of the central government to address pressing issues. Regional governors are actively seeking greater autonomy, often in defiance of constitutional norms, and engaging in direct dealings with foreign entities.
Furthermore, the text expresses concern about the lack of a strong, centralized state capable of maintaining order and stability. It suggests that the situation is characterized by a “gray zone” of competing loyalties and a dangerous erosion of the foundations of the Russian Federation. The author’s tone is critical of both the central government’s weakness and the regional governors’ disregard for national unity.For our Fatherland - Fire! Fire!
1996-11-04 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
On November 2, 1996, the article “For Our Homeland – Fire! Fire!” commemorates the 50th anniversary of Victory in World War II. It details the awarding of the Order of Heroism to veteran and journalist Mikhail Titov, who wore the medal on significant dates. The text recalls the legendary 1941 parade on Red Square, emphasizing the Soviet soldiers’ bravery and resilience in battles against Nazi Germany, urging continued determination for the country’s defense.
Display board
1996-11-11 - Sluzhba bezopasnosti Denʹ
This text presents a highly fragmented and speculative picture of Russia in November 1994, dominated by internal power struggles, covert operations, and shifting geopolitical alliances. Key themes include Boris Yeltsin’s deteriorating health and the manipulation of his image by the presidential administration, particularly through the controversial treatment of businessman Boris Nemtsov.
There’s a significant focus on power plays within Yeltsin’s inner circle, with Anatoly Chubais orchestrating numerous schemes – including attempts to discredit Vladimir Lukov, manipulate the political landscape, and potentially install a new prime minister (Potanin).
Several factions are vying for influence: Berezovsky, leveraging connections within Chechnya and Israel, while simultaneously attempting to establish a dual citizenship; Chubais, utilizing his network to destabilize the government and influence key figures; and various intelligence agencies (FSB, SVR, GRU) engaged in clandestine operations.
The situation in Chechnya is portrayed as a key battleground, with the conflict fueling broader destabilization efforts. There’s a clear narrative of external actors – Turkey, Israel, and potentially Saudi Arabia – exploiting the chaos for their own strategic gains.
The text details a complex web of meetings and gatherings, including secret summits at Chubais’s dacha, suggesting a desperate attempt to manage the crisis. A significant event is the bombing on the day of the Moscow Police Day, linked to a potential Yeltsin resignation and further orchestrated by Chubais’s group. Finally, the text highlights the growing influence of Chechen militants and the potential for increased instability.Academic Vladimir Starikov: “Will follows its own accord.”
1996-11-11 - Aleksandr Prokudin
Vladimir Strahov, a Russian academic, and his prolonged hunger strike to protest the neglect of domestic science by the government, concluded after a 12-day action coinciding with significant public protests. Strahov and his colleague, Igor Nauchno-Bondarenko, initiated the strike to highlight the severe underfunding of scientific institutions, particularly compared to other sectors like extractive industries. They achieved several key outcomes, including the government returning a significant portion of unpaid debts to science and a noticeable increase in scientific activity following the protests. However, the government’s response was characterized by a lack of genuine engagement and a continued prioritization of other sectors, leading Strahov to view the situation as requiring ongoing, persistent protest. He criticized the government’s deliberate misrepresentation of scientific funding and its failure to uphold legal obligations. The strike aimed to secure a minimum of 4% of the federal budget for science, a figure significantly lower than the actual allocation. Strahov’s actions were driven by a belief that science is crucial for the country’s future and that the government’s actions were detrimental to national progress. He planned to continue the protest if the government did not address the fundamental issues of funding and recognition for scientific endeavors.
We need to sweep the floors more often…
1996-11-11 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text is a collection of fragmented, melancholic reflections on death, regret, and the passage of time. It explores themes of guilt, lost faith, the decay of both nature and human life, and the cyclical nature of existence. Recurring images include cleaning floors, a dead woman at a train station, reflections in water, and the sounds of aging buildings. The narrator grapples with personal failings and the inevitability of death, finding solace and a strange beauty in the natural world and the memories of the past.
Provincial passions
1996-11-11 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Lюдмила Андреева’s article details a highly contested gubernatorial election in the Stavropol region, Russia, between Alexander Chernogorov and Petr Marchenko. Marchenko, backed by the Presidential Union, employed aggressive tactics including media manipulation, control of broadcasting time, suppression of Chernogorov’s activities, and intimidation of supporters. These tactics included biased media coverage, the distribution of defamatory leaflets, the denial of public appearances for Chernogorov, and the use of telephone lines to promote Marchenko. Furthermore, Marchenko’s supporters engaged in illegal activities such as manipulating voting procedures, offering incentives for voting, and threatening individuals who opposed him. The article concludes with a call to support Chernogorov amidst these widespread and questionable practices.
People’s Stone of Russian Accord
1996-11-11 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
The text describes a manipulative and deceitful process aimed at disorienting and controlling the Russian people. It depicts a scenario where a false “national reconciliation” is imposed through division, disinformation, and the exploitation of societal vulnerabilities. The narrative highlights the deliberate creation of conflict – pitting groups against each other, manipulating leaders, and suppressing dissent. It criticizes the destruction of Russian industry and the suppression of national identity, suggesting a calculated effort to dismantle the country’s foundations. The core argument is that genuine reconciliation requires addressing fundamental issues like economic reform and national sovereignty, not a superficial attempt to unite a fractured and exploited population.
Old course of the new Bill
1996-11-11 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text, dated November 12, 1996, analyzes the challenges facing President Bill Clinton following his election victory. It argues that Clinton is inheriting a deeply flawed situation, marked by economic decline, strategic failures in international trade and military affairs, and a growing global shift in power.
The core argument is that Clinton is adopting a strategy influenced by Republican ideas, essentially acknowledging the need to adapt to a changing world order. He’s shifting away from traditional American hegemony and embracing a “virtual state” model – focusing on technology, knowledge, and services rather than traditional industrial production.
Key concerns highlighted include: the declining competitiveness of the US economy against rising powers like China and Europe; the expansion of NATO, seen as a destabilizing force; and the rise of China as a dominant economic and potentially geopolitical power.
Clinton’s strategy involves a significant shift in US foreign policy, including a move away from traditional military dominance and a willingness to engage with the ideas of Republican thinkers like Richard Rosekrans, who advocate for a focus on technological leadership. The text suggests that this shift will involve a weakening of Russia’s position, potentially through pressure to abandon the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) and a continued expansion of NATO. Ultimately, the text portrays Clinton as a pragmatic leader forced to adapt to a new global landscape, influenced by a Republican vision of a “virtual state.”Goals “Second Launch”
1996-11-11 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text, dated November 12, 1996, analyzes the challenges facing President Yeltsin following his heart surgery and the issuance of the “Day of Reconciliation” decree. It argues that Yeltsin’s new position, while possessing formal legitimacy, is deeply problematic due to a combination of factors: a severely diminished public tolerance, a failing economy, and a highly polarized political landscape.
The core argument is that Yeltsin’s attempts to rebuild trust and forge a national consensus are hampered by his own actions – particularly his manipulative use of social divisions during the 1996 election campaign – and the deeply ingrained skepticism surrounding his leadership. The text highlights the risks associated with attempting to implement significant social and economic reforms without addressing the underlying issues of economic hardship and political distrust.
Furthermore, it identifies specific obstacles, including the influence of figures like Chubais and Chernomyrdin, who are viewed with suspicion due to their past roles and the perception that they are consolidating power independently of the president. The text emphasizes the need for Yeltsin to undertake a genuine “redemption” – a difficult and potentially painful process – to restore faith in his leadership and achieve a lasting reconciliation within Russian society. It concludes with a pessimistic assessment of Yeltsin’s prospects, acknowledging the immense challenges he faces and the critical need for him to demonstrate a fundamental shift in his approach.Agency “Day”
1996-11-11 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Yeltsin told Chernomyrdin upon emerging from anesthesia, “Give me the button!” Chernomyrdin spent the night pressing the “nuclear button,” which turned out to be a call to a neighboring apartment. Moscow Jews ceased calling each other Jews as a sign of national reconciliation. Yeltsin’s recovery is alarming even the experts. The restoration of the bandit regime in Chechnya is proceeding normally at the expense of the Russian budget.
Word to Moscow
1996-11-11 - Vasiliy Belov
This letter, written in 1996, expresses deep frustration and disillusionment with Moscow’s influence and direction of Russia. The author, a rural farmer, argues that Moscow has corrupted Russia, prioritizing Western values and foreign interests over the needs of its people. He criticizes Moscow’s role in fostering economic inequality, promoting moral decay, and undermining traditional Russian identity.
The letter details specific grievances, including Moscow’s manipulation of the media, its encouragement of corruption, and its disregard for the plight of rural communities. It accuses Moscow of fostering a materialistic culture, promoting foreign influences, and essentially betraying the nation’s values. The author expresses a longing for a return to traditional Russian identity and a rejection of Moscow’s destructive influence. He uses historical parallels, such as the Seven Boyars, to illustrate the ongoing pattern of Moscow’s betrayal. Ultimately, the letter is a passionate plea for Russia to reclaim its own destiny and resist the corrupting influence of its capital.Clinton, Debbie and their patien
1996-11-11 - Aleksandr Gordeyev
This text, written in November 1996, analyzes the complex and precarious situation in Russia following the re-election of Bill Clinton and the departure of Boris Yeltsin. It highlights the hopes of the Yeltsin administration for continued Western financial support, including canceled IMF loans and eased pressure regarding NATO expansion, Iranian nuclear cooperation, and the Chechen conflict. However, the author argues that these hopes are fragile and based on a highly unstable political landscape.
The core of the analysis centers on the influence of figures like Sergei Chubais and Yevgeny Lukov within the Kremlin, who are skillfully maneuvering to maintain power amidst growing regional tensions and separatist sentiments. Lukov, as leader of the Federation Council, is actively challenging Chubais’s monetary policies and advocating for greater regional autonomy, supported by a coalition of governors.
The text paints a picture of a deeply divided Russia, with competing factions – Chubais’s financial team versus the regional governors – vying for control. The author suggests several potential political scenarios for Yeltsin, ranging from a radical shift away from the IMF to a more conservative approach. Ultimately, the text concludes that the political landscape is highly volatile, with the outcome dependent on the actions of key figures and the continued struggle between central control and regional independence. The impending губернские (regional) elections and the formation of the new Federation Council are seen as critical junctures that could significantly alter the course of Russian politics.Fire on itself
1996-11-11 - Aleksandr Boroday
Russian forces are withdrawing from the North Caucasus region, with Russian influence and civilization receding. Chechen militants are expanding their influence, including reaching the Don region and reviving separatist ideas promoted by figures like Peter Krasnov. Russian military personnel stationed in Chechnya are demoralized and facing ongoing attacks, while Pskov OMON officers feel like “living soldiers” with limited supplies. Negotiations are underway regarding reparations for Chechen militants, and continuous shelling persists with limited Russian retaliation.
The authorities’ collusio
1996-11-11 - Viktor Ilyukhin
The text criticizes Vice Premier Chubais’s actions, describing them as an anti-constitutional campaign to seize power. Chubais is filling key government positions with individuals like Boris Berezovsky and former officials with a history of poor management. The creation of the “State Military Inspection” is seen as a tool for Chubais to target and eliminate those within the security forces deemed unfavorable. These actions are portrayed as undermining Prime Minister Chernomyrdin and his administration.
Double citizenship or a prostitute on the throne.
1996-11-18 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
The text is a satirical and cynical commentary on Russian politics, portraying key figures like Chubais, Luzhkov, Chernomyrdin, and Berezhovsky as self-serving and out of touch. It suggests a deliberate manipulation of public opinion, framing external threats (like “double citizen” Berezhovsky and a “CIA agent” Chubais) to justify actions. The author critiques the perceived chaos and corruption within the government, using absurd imagery and comparisons to suggest a deliberate strategy of division and control. It implies a breakdown of Russian statehood and a focus on exploiting divisions for political gain.
Stravropolye: Our people have come!
1996-11-18 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The Stravropol region celebrates the election of Alexander Chernogorov as governor, a candidate from patriotic forces who decisively defeated his opponent in the second round of elections. The newspaper “Zavtra” and its readers across Russia congratulate Governor Chernogorov and send him fraternal greetings.
Here’s a translation: Here’s a greeting…
1996-11-18 - Sergey Kara-Murza
This text is a scathing and sarcastic critique of a greeting from Deputy Sergei Govorukhina marking the 79th anniversary of the October Revolution. Govorukhina’s message is riddled with contradictions, historical inaccuracies, and illogical arguments. He repeatedly asserts that the revolution has been detrimental to Russia, citing fabricated statistics about population size (claiming 400 million Russians instead of the actual figure), falsely alleging that the German army would have been defeated in 1941, and dismissing any positive outcomes of the revolution like increased literacy or technological advancement.
Govorukhina’s logic is consistently flawed, relying on speculative “facts” and ignoring historical realities. He attempts to discredit the revolution by highlighting negative consequences, such as the loss of millions of soldiers in WWII, and uses a dismissive tone, questioning the very possibility of a better outcome had the revolution not occurred. The entire piece is a pointed, almost personal, attack on the holiday and the sentiments it represents, delivered with a heavy dose of cynicism and a clear intention to undermine the celebration.The Truth of the Karaganda Regiment (story)
1996-11-18 - Oleg Pavlov
This story, “The Karaganda Regiment,” recounts the experiences of the Karaganda Regiment, a small, somewhat chaotic unit during the Soviet era. The regiment, led by an aging and increasingly ineffective commander, was characterized by corruption, incompetence, and a detachment from reality. The regiment’s soldiers engaged in various illicit activities, including stealing from the regimental stores, exploiting prisoners, and generally disregarding orders. The commander, focused on maintaining his privileged lifestyle, fostered this environment. Notably, the regiment acquired a goldfish and a parrot, which ultimately met unfortunate ends due to the regiment’s chaotic nature. The story highlights the regiment’s decline and the disillusionment of its soldiers, portraying a bleak picture of Soviet military life.
For personal plans
1996-11-18 - Anatoliy Maksimchuk
This text details the impending collapse of the “Tizar” refrigerator factory in Transnistria, a situation largely caused by the mismanagement and embezzlement of its director, Anatoly Harkashov. The factory, known for producing durable, uniquely designed refrigerators, was systematically defrauded through a complex system of barter deals and inflated metal prices, facilitated by intermediaries. Harkashov’s primary motivation appears to be “personal plans,” prioritizing personal enrichment over the factory’s survival and the well-being of its workers and the republic. The situation is dire, with the factory facing potential bankruptcy within months if not addressed. The author contrasts Harkashov’s self-serving actions with the dedication of other factory directors who prioritize the republic’s survival and the welfare of its citizens, highlighting a critical moral and economic dilemma.
Extraordinary fascism (notes of a publicist)
1996-11-18 - Nikolay Doroshenko
This text is a cynical and pessimistic commentary on contemporary Russia, arguing that a new form of fascism is emerging, mirroring the rise of Nazism but utilizing more subtle and technologically advanced methods. The author believes that Russia is heading towards a collapse driven by misguided leadership, economic policies, and a general lack of critical awareness.
The piece critiques figures like Yegor Gaidar, Vladimir Putin, and the influence of Western advisors like George Soros and the IMF. It suggests that Russia’s problems stem from a failure to learn from history, particularly the rise of Nazism, and that the current leadership is actively facilitating this process.
The author expresses concern about the manipulation of public opinion through media control, the exploitation of national identity, and the erosion of traditional values. They portray a bleak future where Russia will be reduced to a shadow of its former self, mirroring the fate of Germany before World War II.
Ultimately, the text is a warning against complacency and a call for vigilance, urging readers to recognize the dangers of the new “fascism” before it’s too late. It’s a highly critical and somewhat apocalyptic view of Russia’s trajectory.Elegant mousetra
1996-11-18 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The article critiques a proposal by Kishinev politicians to hold presidential elections in the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) for the Moldovan presidency. It argues that this initiative, framed as protecting the rights of Moldovans residing in the PMR, is a political trap designed to dismantle the PMR. The author highlights that the proposal is based on misleading claims about the number of Moldovans in the PMR and ignores the PMR’s own constitution, laws, and existing presidential status. It emphasizes that the attempt to hold elections in the PMR would create a dual-leadership situation, potentially leading to civil conflict, and is ultimately a power grab by Kishinev. The author stresses the PMR’s sovereignty and the fact that its citizens already have their own president and government.
Sveshnikov
1996-11-18 - Andrey Fefelov
This text is a biographical portrait of Boris Sveshnikov, a Russian artist who developed a distinctive style of illustrating fantastical, often melancholic, scenes, particularly of European cities. Sveshnikov’s artistic journey is marked by a solitary, almost obsessive, dedication to his craft, beginning with a childhood fascination with the illustrations in E.T.A. Hoffmann’s “The Nutcracker and Mouse King.” He spent nearly twenty years in a Soviet labor camp after being implicated in a terrorist organization, an experience that profoundly shaped his worldview and artistic output. During his imprisonment, he created a series of drawings depicting the harsh realities of camp life, blending them with fantastical imagery, influenced by Flemish masters like Bosch and Bruegel. Despite being largely overlooked by the Soviet art establishment and later associated with the “second Russian avant-garde” due to the recognition of his camp drawings by figures like Glezer and Shemyakin, Sveshnikov remained fiercely independent and uninterested in fame or political affiliation. He viewed his art as a personal exploration of existence, a solitary journey through an unpredictable world, and expressed a deep skepticism about humanity’s ability to control its own destiny. The text concludes with an acknowledgment of Sveshnikov’s wife, Olga Sergeevna, for providing the visual materials.
Under Moscow
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a bleak and cynical portrayal of life in Electrostal, a city near Moscow, in the 1990s following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It depicts a community struggling with economic hardship, corruption, and a sense of hopelessness. The city’s industrial base has been decimated, leading to widespread unemployment and a decline in living standards. There’s a pervasive feeling of being exploited and ignored by the government.
The narrative focuses on the decline of traditional Soviet values and the rise of a morally ambiguous, market-driven society. The author highlights the disconnect between the promises of a new Russia and the reality experienced by ordinary people. There’s a strong sense of disillusionment and a critique of the emerging capitalist system, which is seen as prioritizing profit over people’s well-being.
Key themes include the loss of community, the breakdown of social safety nets, and the erosion of national identity. The text uses vivid imagery and anecdotal stories to convey a sense of despair and to expose the dark side of Russia’s transition to a market economy. The author’s tone is pessimistic and critical, suggesting a profound sense of loss and a questioning of the future.Will to fight or surrender?
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text argues against the assertion of Russian army weakness, particularly following statements by a general. It contends that the Russian military possesses sufficient resources and capabilities – including stockpiled weaponry and the potential to rapidly mobilize – to defeat Chechen separatists without resorting to widespread mobilization. The author criticizes those who claim the army is incapable, attributing this view to deliberate deception and a desire to undermine Russian morale and national unity. He believes the claims of financial constraints and moral decay are unfounded and accuses certain figures of promoting a narrative of Russian decline to justify their actions. Ultimately, the author expresses confidence that the truth will emerge, exposing the flawed policies and individuals behind the Chechen conflict.
JOKE
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
A government official, known for restoring temples and building synagogues, received a birthday cake with a marshmallow-shaped crucifix. He noticed the figure on the cross appeared to be moving its lips and heard the song “Happy Birthday to You.”
We wish you health, comrade general.
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This is a letter to General Mikhail Titosov on his 75th birthday. It expresses gratitude for his friendship, loyalty, and service as a front-line soldier and comrade. The letter highlights his dedication to Russia and the military, wishing him health, strength, and continued success.
You will die with the hermit.
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text recounts the final days and death of Skhimnik Simeon (formerly Dimitry, then Simeon), a solitary monk at the Trinity-Sergiev Lavra in 1977. Simeon, known for his unwavering devotion and physical strength, lived a life of austere simplicity, enduring a debilitating illness with remarkable patience and serenity. A young novice, Ioann, witnessed a miraculous event – Simeon’s sudden revival – and later predicted his own death alongside the elder’s. Ioann, a dedicated and devout servant, ultimately died shortly after Simeon’s passing, having foreseen his fate. The narrative emphasizes the profound spiritual significance of Simeon’s life and death, highlighting the importance of prayer, faith, and the interconnectedness of souls. It draws upon traditional Christian beliefs regarding the soul’s journey after death, including the forty-day period of purgatorial wandering, the final judgment, and the necessity of prayers and offerings for the departed. The text concludes with a reflection on the enduring power of prayer for both the living and the dead, emphasizing the reciprocal relationship between believers and the deceased.
joke…
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The joke expresses surprise and skepticism about a man seen holding a steering wheel and raising his hand, suggesting it resembles a statue of Liberty or a man holding a torch, implying a cynical view of a recent artistic creation by Tsareuli.
Efremov’s Team Stars
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text details the corruption and cronyism surrounding the gubernatorial campaign of Anatoly Efremov in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia during the 1996 election. Vladimir Krupchak, a businessman who rapidly amassed wealth through exploiting privatization under Yegor Gaidar and subsequent deals, became a key financial backer of Efremov’s campaign. Krupchak’s wealth was built on exploiting loopholes and manipulating the market, initially through supplying energy to the region and later through controlling key industries like the Arkhangelsk Cellulose and Paper Plant (ACBC).
He achieved this through a network of corruption involving regional officials, including the then-Governor Pavel Balakshin and the head of the property management committee, Sergei Potemkin, as well as leveraging the influence of his wife, who worked at the Moscow Industrial Bank (MINB). Krupchak’s empire expanded through acquiring companies like “Titan,” “Batifi,” and eventually controlling the ACBC, all facilitated by preferential access to loans and manipulated auctions.
Crucially, Krupchak’s support for Efremov was fueled by a complex web of personal relationships and financial incentives, exemplified by the scandalous acquisition of a luxury apartment by the head of the medical academy, Pavel Sidorov, who used funds allocated for medical academy housing. The text highlights the systemic corruption, the exploitation of public resources, and the close ties between political figures and powerful businessmen, ultimately demonstrating how these connections were used to secure victory in the election.Sold brigades
1996-11-25 - Sergey Kurginyan
This analytical report critiques the actions of businessman Boris Березовский regarding the withdrawal of the 101st and 205th brigades from Chechnya. The author argues that Березовский’s involvement was driven purely by profit motives, exploiting a situation where the brigades were deemed strategically weak and a hindrance to negotiations. He characterizes Березовsky’s approach as a cynical “trade” – selling off the brigades for a commission, mirroring a pattern of Soviet-era corruption where strategic assets were sold off to Western interests.
The core argument is that Березовsky’s actions demonstrated a fundamental lack of strategic thinking and a disregard for Russia’s national interests. He saw the brigades as a commodity to be traded, rather than as vital components of a military strategy. The author highlights the parallels between this situation and previous Soviet practices of “selling” strategic assets to foreign powers.
Ultimately, the report concludes that Березовsky’s actions were driven by short-term gain and lacked any genuine commitment to Russia’s strategic position in Chechnya. The author expresses concern that this type of opportunistic behavior, devoid of a broader strategic vision, will continue to plague the Russian business and political landscape.Good heart.
1996-11-25 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text describes the late Father Moses, a highly intelligent, humble, and devout monk with a doctorate in technical sciences. Archpriest Cyril, a spiritual leader at the Sergiev Lavra, speaks fondly of Father Moses’s wisdom, kindness, and willingness to serve, noting his humility despite his academic achievements. He was a respected and loved member of the monastic community, admired for his direct advice and selfless dedication, particularly his willingness to sacrifice for Russia. The author expresses a desire for Father Moses’s soul to rest in Heaven.
Display board
1996-12-02 - Sluzhba bezopasnosti Denʹ
This text outlines a complex and rapidly shifting power struggle within Russia in late 1996/early 1997, primarily driven by a faction led by Yegor Chernomyrdin and supported by figures like Boris Berezovsky and Vladimir Gusiev (later known as Yegor Chernomyrdin). This group is actively challenging President Yeltsin’s authority and attempting to reshape the Russian economy and political landscape. Key elements include: a power struggle between Chernomyrdin and the new, dominant group led by Chubais, Berezovsky, and Potanin; attempts to influence key industries like energy (specifically RAE “Yuzhuralmash” and “Yuzhuralmash”), banking (including prominent banks like Credo-Bank and AgroPromBank), and telecommunications (“RosTelecom” and “Svyazinvest”); strategic interventions in regions like Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, fueled by concerns about separatist movements and potential foreign influence; and a deliberate effort to undermine Yeltsin’s control through financial manipulation, asset seizures, and the manipulation of key economic decisions. The text highlights a series of calculated moves designed to consolidate power within a small group, often at the expense of established institutions and Yeltsin’s authority, with significant implications for Russia’s future.
STONES FOR SOPHIA
1996-12-02 - Vladimir Vinnikov
The text discusses the significance of church construction in Russia, particularly focusing on the contrast between traditional, spiritually-oriented church building and modern, technologically advanced structures. It argues that a historical disconnect exists between the ideal of a church representing Russian statehood and its actual manifestation. The author critiques the current trend of building secular structures and advocates for a return to “sofiianity” – a traditional understanding of church architecture and its role in representing Russian state power and spiritual connection. The construction of churches like the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Gubkinsk is seen as a tentative step, while the destruction of historical churches, such as the Sofia Cathedral in Novgorod, symbolizes a rejection of this connection. The author expresses concern about the current political and economic climate and its impact on spiritual values, suggesting that a return to sofiianity is necessary to address the perceived imbalance.
RED STARTS AND…
1996-12-02 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text outlines a critical analysis of the “Rozdory” agreement between Chernomyrdin and Maschado in Chechnya, arguing it was a fundamentally flawed and ultimately detrimental political move. The core argument is that the agreement, signed in 1996, was constitutionally unsound – a breach of the Russian Federation’s status as a constitutional federation and a dangerous precursor to Chechnya’s eventual secession.
The author contends that the agreement, driven by political expediency, was a strategic error. The initial proposals for a vote of no confidence in the government and impeachment against President Yeltsin were misguided, failing to recognize the agreement’s inherent illegality.
Furthermore, the text criticizes the use of manipulated public opinion polls (from VCIOM) and the pressure exerted on the opposition to accept the agreement. It suggests that the opposition’s tactics were ultimately self-defeating, potentially leading to their marginalization and weakening their position.
The author advocates for a more strategic approach: delaying any formal decisions until after regional elections, engaging local legislative bodies in the discussion, and potentially offering amnesty to key figures involved. The ultimate goal is to mobilize public support against the fragmentation of Russia and to prevent the opposition from being further weakened. The author believes that a carefully orchestrated strategy, focused on local engagement and a calculated delay, offers the best chance for the opposition to regain momentum and ultimately achieve its objectives.In the Country of White Angel
1996-12-02 - Igorʹ Shafarevich
This text explores the resilience of the Serbian people in Bosnia following the Bosnian War, examining their motivations for continued resistance and the broader implications for societal conflict. The author argues that Serbian strength stems primarily from a potent combination of national identity, religious faith (specifically Orthodox Christianity), and a deeply ingrained sense of purpose.
The piece details the ongoing influence of Radovan Karadzic, portraying him as a charismatic and unifying figure, and highlights the role of religious belief – particularly prayer and ritual – in bolstering morale and providing a framework for action. It draws historical parallels, referencing the Huguenots, Cromwell’s Puritan army, and the power of religious unity in shaping military success.
The author suggests that Russia’s own future may lie in embracing a similar “national Russian and Orthodox” identity, arguing that a strong, faith-based state could effectively counter the perceived “new world order.” Ultimately, the text posits that the key to overcoming challenges lies not in economic or technological superiority, but in harnessing the enduring power of national identity and religious conviction.PALESTINE: STRUGGLE – TO VICTORY
1996-12-02 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
This text is a transcript of an interview between Alexander Prokhanov and Hairi Abdel Fattah Aloridi, the Palestinian Ambassador to Russia, discussing the Palestinian struggle for statehood. Aloridi emphasizes the unwavering belief and determination of the Palestinian people, fueled by their fight for their land and the right to establish a state. He highlights the significant, though often overlooked, support from Russia, particularly during the Soviet era, and expresses optimism about the evolving relationship between Russia and Palestine. The conversation touches upon the global nature of Zionism and the importance of cultural and ideological solidarity in the struggle against it. Aloridi stresses the ongoing need for international support and views Russia as a crucial partner in achieving a lasting peace on the Middle East. The interview concludes with a note of mutual respect and a shared desire for continued dialogue and cooperation.
HOLD A STRIKE
1996-12-02 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text argues that the Western criticism of the Belarusian referendum is a deliberate attempt to undermine Alexander Lukashenko’s authority. The author believes Western powers, fearing Lukashenko’s direct appeal to the people, are portraying the referendum as a dictatorial attempt to gain excessive power. Instead, the author contends the referendum is a genuine expression of Belarusian democracy, modeled after a “veche” system, and a response to Western manipulation.
The author attributes Lukashenko’s recent difficulties to his own mistakes – engaging in unproductive arguments with the opposition and surrounding himself with unreliable advisors. He stresses the importance of maintaining a strong connection with the people and resisting Western provocations, suggesting a long-term strategy of patience and decisive action is necessary to preserve Lukashenko’s power. The text concludes with a pessimistic outlook, predicting continued Western attempts to destabilize Lukashenko, and advising a patient, strategic response.LEARN TO SPEAK
1996-12-02 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The Larisisa Solovyova Educational-Theater Studio, affiliated with the Moscow State Academy of Theatres (MGUTIS), offers intensive courses on voice and movement based on international theatrical techniques. The courses are taught by actors, speakers, journalists, businesspeople, and politicians. The studio assists individuals with communication difficulties and offers on-site training for organizations. The studio’s artistic director is a renowned actress with extensive experience at the “Modern” and Moscow Art Theatre. Enrollment is open to all interested individuals, and fees apply. Contact information is provided for inquiries.
March on Moscow!
1996-12-02 - Viktor Anpilov
This text outlines a plan for a massive, nationwide protest movement aimed at forcing a change in the Yeltsin government. It details the reasoning behind the movement – the government’s corruption, economic mismanagement, and disregard for the people’s needs. The core strategy involves organizing a “march on Moscow” led by the “Labor Russia” movement, spearheaded by Viktor Anpilov.
The plan hinges on creating a nationwide “All-Union Strike Committee” (All-Union Strike Committee – All-Union Strike Committee) composed of representatives from trade unions, worker collectives, and other opposition groups. This committee would coordinate the massive demonstration, demanding the government change its course or resign.
Anpilov argues that traditional parliamentary methods are ineffective against the “predatory” Yeltsin regime. He stresses the need for a direct, forceful response from the working class. He references a previous, unsuccessful attempt to influence the government through a similar tactic, highlighting the importance of widespread, organized action.
The text emphasizes the need for a grassroots movement, driven by the collective grievances of the people, rather than relying solely on political leaders. It suggests that the success of the movement depends on mobilizing support across various regions and worker groups, ultimately aiming to exert pressure on the government through a massive, unified demonstration.Berezovskoï
1996-12-09 - Aleksandr Boroday
A complex geopolitical scenario unfolds, driven by the ambitions of figures like Boris Berezovsky and his associates, particularly Anatoly Chubays, who are manipulating the Russian political landscape. The core of the issue revolves around the Caspian Pipeline project, specifically a proposed route through Georgia, designed to circumvent traditional Russian control over oil transit and ultimately diminish Russia’s influence in Central Asia. This project is fueled by personal interests, strategic maneuvering, and a broader ideological shift towards Western-aligned influence within Russia. The potential consequences include the rapid disintegration of Russia, beginning with Chechnya and extending to other regions, coupled with a destabilizing effect on the global order. Key players are actively seeking to replace Chubays with figures more aligned with their interests, creating a situation where control over Russia is increasingly uncertain and potentially catastrophic for the country and the world.
Governor’s Bastio
1996-12-09 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text details the complex and turbulent situation in Primorye, Russia, in the mid-1990s, primarily focusing on the conflict between Governor Evgeny Nazratenko and Mayor Viktor Cherepkov. The region is portrayed as a chaotic “battleground” manipulated by Moscow, used as a testing ground for “disassembly technologies.”
Nazratenko, appointed during a period of economic crisis and separatist sentiment, faced constant interference and attempts to undermine his authority. Moscow utilized a strategy of creating division, exemplified by artificially inflated energy prices, manipulated transportation costs, and the deliberate neglect of Primorye’s strategic importance – its naval base, defense industry, and role as a gateway to Asia.
Cherepkov, capitalizing on this instability, sought to separate Vladivostok from the region, arguing that it was being systematically drained of resources and investment by Moscow. He employed a tactic of grievance and discontent, fueled by high energy prices, transportation costs, and the neglect of the region’s strategic assets.
The situation was further complicated by Moscow’s shifting allegiances, with different factions – Korzhakov-Sosovets, Ilushin, and Chubais – vying for control and employing contradictory policies. Ultimately, the text suggests that Primorye was being deliberately “killed” through these manipulations, representing a failed experiment in regional governance and a demonstration of Moscow’s willingness to exploit regional tensions for its own purposes.The grass will not grow on Chubais’ grave.
1996-12-09 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
The text depicts a deeply disillusioned and impoverished Russia, where a significant portion of the population is engaged in widespread looting and unrest, fueled by corruption and the systematic extraction of the country’s resources. The government is perceived as corrupt and ineffective, prioritizing the enrichment of a small elite while neglecting the needs of the people. There’s a sense of national humiliation, with valuable assets and cultural heritage being exported, and a call to resist against a perceived betrayal by leaders and institutions. The text urges the people to stand together and defend their homeland, culminating in a hopeful vision of a future victory symbolized by a celebration in the Kremlin.
BY THE WAY ABOUT THE BASE…
1996-12-09 - Marina Volchkova
This text, dated November 10-12, 1996, discusses the growing trend of Russian regions establishing their own financial systems, effectively creating “surrogate money” to operate independently of the central government. Several regions, including Moscow, Tatarstan, and others, are issuing расчетно-товарные чеки (transaction receipts), eurobonds, and even establishing their own customs services to achieve financial autonomy.
The article expresses concern that this trend, driven by a desire for self-determination and fueled by dissatisfaction with central government policies, is creating a dangerous precedent. It highlights the potential for regional financial separatism and the disruption of Russia’s economic and political stability.
The author criticizes the central government’s approach, led by figures like Chernomyrdin and, increasingly, Chubais, which attempts to control regional financial activity but is perceived as lagging behind the regions’ efforts. There’s a debate about whether this regional financial independence is a necessary step towards greater autonomy or a destabilizing force. The article suggests that the creation of these regional financial systems could ultimately lead to the emergence of political boundaries and a fragmented Russia. It concludes with a note of caution, questioning whether this trend represents a foundation for independent political structures.Display board
1996-12-09 - Sluzhba bezopasnosti Denʹ
This text outlines a complex and highly contested political situation in Russia during the mid-1990s, driven by a concerted effort by Western financial and political groups, primarily through figures like George Soros and the US government, to destabilize the Russian government and reshape the country. The core strategy involved leveraging relationships with figures like Boris Berezovsky and Viktor Chernomyrdin, aiming to dismantle the “Natural Monopolies” system, discredit opposition leader Zyunov and the CPRF, and ultimately, dismantle the Yeltsin administration.
Key elements include:
- Western Influence: The US government, through figures like Clintons, Albright, and the broader group associated with George Soros, was actively directing events, providing recommendations and funding to groups like Chubais-Berezovsky.
- Strategic Goals: The overarching goal was to restructure Russia into a confederation, weaken the CPRF, and control key industries like oil and gas.
- Tactics: This involved manipulating political divisions, undermining the legitimacy of the government, and supporting factions like those led by Luzkhov and Rybakov.
- Internal Conflicts: The text highlights a struggle within Russia itself, with figures like Semenov and Batyurin actively working against military efforts in Chechnya, often at the behest of Western interests.
- Disinformation and Propaganda: The media, particularly NTV and ORT, were used to spread disinformation and demoralize the Russian military.
BUDGET AS A BATTLEFIELD
1996-12-09 - Nikolay Anisin
This text is a collection of articles and commentary surrounding the 1997 Russian federal budget proposal and the government’s actions (or lack thereof) regarding its implementation. The core argument is that the government, under President Yeltsin, is deliberately creating a disastrous economic situation – low social spending, unpaid debts, and a failing economy – to maintain control and appease international financial institutions like the IMF.
The articles highlight a pattern of the government ignoring Duma (parliament) approval of the budget, prioritizing foreign influence and personal enrichment over the well-being of the Russian people. There’s a strong critique of the IMF’s role in exacerbating the situation and a sense of urgency regarding the potential for widespread poverty and social unrest.
Several key points are repeatedly emphasized: the government’s unwillingness to increase the budget significantly, the manipulation of figures to justify poor spending decisions, and the lack of accountability. The articles express concern that the Duma’s approval of the current budget would effectively legitimize this destructive course and silence any opposition. The final article emphasizes the potential for the Duma to reject the budget and calls for a new, people-centered budget to be developed.To President of Belarus A. G. Lukashenko
1996-12-09 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Scientists and engineers from the Kurchatov Institute congratulate Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko on his success in the referendum and his defense of his course. They express respect for his courage and social justice, noting that his actions inspire Russians to reject deception and immorality. The group wishes him continued determination in strengthening the unification of Belarus and Russia, and the restoration of normal relations between the two nations.
Our in Chechnya: generals
1996-12-09 - Boris Karpov
This text is a firsthand account and commentary by military journalist Boris Karpov regarding the Chechen conflict and the role of generals, particularly Anatoly Romanov and Nikolai Skripnik. It expresses a critical perspective on politicians and the media, portraying them as often misguided and exploitative of the military’s sacrifices.
Karpov highlights the importance of experienced, principled officers, emphasizing their understanding of military strategy, their respect for the country, and their willingness to prioritize the well-being of soldiers over personal ambition. He criticizes the tendency of politicians to treat generals as pawns, and the media’s often sensationalized and disrespectful coverage.
The text emphasizes the qualities of a good general – courage, strategic thinking, a focus on the mission, and a deep understanding of the responsibilities involved. It recounts specific instances, such as the tragic death of General Skripnik and the bravery of Anatoly Romanov, illustrating these qualities.
Ultimately, Karpov conveys a strong sense of respect for the Russian military and a lament for the often-misguided actions of those in power. He underscores the need for genuine leadership and a clear understanding of the values that should guide military operations. The text concludes with a poignant observation about the nature of human character, particularly in times of crisis, and the importance of recognizing true leadership.Clown of allied value
1996-12-16 - Sergey Sokolkin
Юрий Никулин, a renowned clown and actor, reflects on his unusual popularity across all social strata in Russia. He attributes this to his perceived kindness and approachable nature, often receiving requests for help and assistance, sometimes bordering on the absurd. He recounts instances of people asking for bicycles, fishing equipment, and even money, highlighting a widespread sense of need and a desire for simple comforts.
Despite his popularity, he expresses frustration with the lack of genuine gratitude and the prevalence of corruption and social inequality he observes. He shares anecdotes about his wartime experiences, emphasizing the importance of camaraderie, humor, and resilience in the face of hardship. He details his journey from aspiring actor to circus performer, acknowledging setbacks and moments of doubt, but ultimately driven by a love for his craft and a desire to bring joy to others.
He discusses his views on the future of Russia, expressing concern about the state of education and the lack of appreciation for cultural heritage. He laments the prevalence of ignorance and the disregard for basic values. He concludes with a poignant reflection on the responsibility of each generation to leave a positive legacy for the next, emphasizing the importance of kindness, compassion, and a love for one’s country. He shares a final, somewhat cynical, observation about the current state of affairs, highlighting the disconnect between aspiration and reality.YANKS WITH CHINESE PEOPLE – FRIENDS AGAINST WHO?
1996-12-16 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This 1996 article analyzes the evolving relationship between the United States, China, and Russia, primarily focusing on shifting geopolitical dynamics. It argues that the US is actively seeking to “tame” China as a rising global power, driven by concerns about China’s potential to challenge US influence. The article details several key developments: the US’s increasing cooperation with China, particularly regarding military technology and trade, while simultaneously maintaining a wary stance. It highlights the US’s anxieties about China’s growing economic and political power, viewing it as a potential “geopolitical hegemon.” The piece also examines Russia’s position, noting its complex relationship with both the US and China, characterized by limited economic ties and strategic uncertainty. Ultimately, the article suggests that the US-China relationship is a strategic maneuver aimed at managing a new global power dynamic, with significant implications for Russia’s future.
About the war with Finland
1996-12-16 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a Stalinist analysis of the Finnish War, delivered as a speech in 1940. It argues that the Soviet Union’s victory wasn’t simply a defeat of Finland, but a broader triumph over the military strategies and technologies of Western European powers, particularly Germany, France, and England. Stalin emphasizes the strategic importance of securing Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) as the primary motivation for the war, framing it as a necessary measure to safeguard the Soviet Union’s core territory and industrial base.
He criticizes the Soviet military’s initial shortcomings, attributing them to a culture of excessive boasting and a misplaced faith in an invincible army, stemming from the experiences of the preceding Civil War. Stalin highlights the importance of learning from these mistakes and adapting to modern warfare, emphasizing the need for mass artillery, air power, and a more disciplined approach.
The speech concludes by asserting that the Soviet victory demonstrated the superiority of Soviet military thinking and strategy over those of the Western powers, a key element of Soviet propaganda at the time. It was a justification for the war and a demonstration of Soviet strength.RED THOUGHT and BLACK SWING
1996-12-16 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a pessimistic analysis of the political and economic situation in Russia in late 1996, primarily focusing on the implications of the Duma’s initial approval of the federal budget. It argues that this approval, largely driven by the influence of figures like Chubais and Berezovsky, effectively seals the fate of the National Salvation Front (NPS) and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPR).
The core argument is that the Duma’s vote solidifies a disastrous course of economic policy – a shift towards privatization and monetary control – spearheaded by these powerful figures. The text predicts a rapid loss of influence for the NPS and CPR, leading to their marginalization and eventual fragmentation.
Key concerns highlighted include: the dominance of a financial bloc (Chubais-Berezovsky) within the government, the potential for increased instability due to this group’s actions (such as the use of emergency measures like VCHK – a reference to the former Soviet system of tax collection), and the likely erosion of the Duma’s role as a check on executive power.
The text suggests a bleak outlook for the opposition, forecasting a scenario where they become trapped between a forced vote of no confidence and a complete capitulation to the government. It emphasizes the importance of the Council of Federation and regional leaders in challenging this course, anticipating a significant shift in political power dynamics in the coming months, particularly around March-April 1997. Ultimately, the text paints a picture of a Russia rapidly moving towards a highly unstable and controlled economic system, with the opposition effectively sidelined.DIAMOND THIEVES
1996-12-16 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
A lawsuit against former Russian Vice-Premier B. Fedorov, accused of aiding the illegal export of Russian diamonds, has been ongoing in court for several years. During this time, the Komdragmet of Russia has completely eliminated the Gohranch (with 24 million carats, as previously reported by “Zavtra” in issue #7), and the Chubais-led Extraordinary Commission for Strengthening Tax and Budgetary Discipline has targeted the diamond producer, “Almazi Rossi—Sakha.”
Mr. President, an incident is brewing…
1996-12-23 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
This text is a highly satirical and absurd recounting of events during the Yeltsin era in Russia, presented as a chaotic and bizarre series of reconciliations and interventions orchestrated by Yeltsin. It depicts a scene of utter absurdity, with prominent figures engaging in ridiculous acts of appeasement and reconciliation, often involving bizarre and emotionally charged situations. Yeltsin himself is portrayed as a capricious and controlling figure, rapidly moving between these interventions, demanding obedience, and employing intimidation tactics. The narrative highlights the corruption, instability, and lack of serious governance during this period, using exaggeration and surreal imagery to critique the situation. It’s a darkly comedic and critical commentary on the era’s political landscape.
Ask the infantry the price of life.
1996-12-23 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
A young lieutenant, V. Alimichev, recounts the harrowing experience of a battle near the Argun River, focusing on the actions of Sergeant S. Moldavanov. During a fierce engagement, Moldavanov, while wounded, remained in his burning armored vehicle, providing cover for his comrades until he was himself killed by a barrage of RPG fire. The story details the bravery of Moldavanov and other soldiers, including Captain Yuri Nesterenko, who also died heroically, and the desperate situation of the unit, unsupported by artillery, facing a heavily fortified enemy position. The narrative culminates in the successful capture of the Argun bridge and the ultimate sacrifice of Moldavanov, who was posthumously awarded the Hero of Russia title.
This is me, Borinka!
1996-12-23 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a collection of fragmented anecdotes and observations surrounding Boris Yeltsin and his associates, primarily focusing on the chaotic and often absurd political landscape of post-Soviet Russia. It’s presented as a series of loosely connected stories, often employing dark humor and exaggeration.
The core narrative revolves around Yeltsin’s personality – a contradictory figure who simultaneously embraced democratic ideals while exhibiting erratic behavior, including bizarre moments like addressing a toilet with a rose, confusing a translator, and engaging in nonsensical conversations.
Key figures like Gennady Zyuganov, Alexander Korzhakov, and the “gray cardinal” Pavel Shuayev are depicted with a mixture of skepticism and amusement. The text highlights the confusion and contradictions within the Yeltsin administration, portraying them as a group of individuals prone to missteps, bizarre pronouncements, and a general lack of understanding.
Recurring themes include the struggle to define Yeltsin’s political identity, the absurdity of political maneuvering, and the tendency for figures to be misidentified or misrepresented. The text uses a satirical tone, particularly when describing figures like Gaidar (a beloved but enigmatic figure), and employs a stream-of-consciousness style, jumping between observations and reflections. Ultimately, the text presents a portrait of a Russia grappling with its transition to democracy, marked by instability, confusion, and a healthy dose of self-deprecating humor.The poet’s duty
1996-12-23 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text is a rambling, somewhat cynical reflection on a conference celebrating the poet Nikolai Nekrasov, delivered at a theatrical event showcasing items from his estate, Karabikh. The speaker expresses frustration with the state of Russian culture and the preservation of historical sites, highlighting the neglect of Nekrasov’s legacy and the broader issues of cultural preservation in post-Soviet Russia.
He critiques the superficiality of the event and the political maneuvering surrounding it, referencing figures like Andrei Yakovlev and subtly criticizing the “architects of perestroika.” The speaker repeatedly returns to Nekrasov’s sayings, using them as a lens to examine contemporary Russian society and its problems. He expresses concern about the treatment of cultural artifacts and the tendency to prioritize political appearances over genuine engagement with history and art. The entire speech is punctuated by a stream of observations, questions, and digressions, ultimately serving as a lament for a lost cultural heritage and a critique of the current state of Russia.To some, orders; to others, nothing at all.
1996-12-23 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This text is a reflective piece detailing the disillusionment and moral complexities experienced by soldiers, particularly those involved in the Chechen conflict. It recounts the story of Captain Igor Kostromin, who, despite his dedication and effective leadership, faced suspicion, false accusations, and ultimately, a lack of recognition for his service. The narrative highlights the stark contrasts between patriotic ideals and the reality of bureaucratic corruption, misplaced priorities, and the exploitation of veterans. It explores themes of betrayal, lost faith, and the difficulty of maintaining integrity in a system where honor and merit are often disregarded. The story serves as a broader commentary on the treatment of soldiers, the shifting values of a nation, and the enduring consequences of conflict. It emphasizes the loss of faith and the enduring challenges faced by those who served, particularly when their sacrifices are not acknowledged or rewarded.
Our Russians have hammered/struck.
1996-12-23 - Tatʹyana Glushkova
This text is a collection of three poems by Tatiana Glushkova, collectively titled “Russian Weavers.” The poems explore themes of death, artistic struggle, and the relationship between the poet and Russia. The first poem depicts a melancholic scene in a park, filled with imagery of decay, lost beauty, and a yearning for connection. The second poem portrays the poet’s final days, emphasizing his artistic dedication and the bittersweet nature of his death. The third poem offers a broader reflection on the poet’s legacy, suggesting that his work embodies the spirit of Russia itself – complex, contradictory, and ultimately enduring. The overall tone is one of profound sadness and a sense of the poet’s tragic fate, highlighting his struggle to reconcile his artistic vision with the realities of his life and the nation he loved.
Court of Conscience
1996-12-23 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
In 1995, Lieutenant M. Yaszhenko, commanding a platoon in the 503rd motorized rifle battalion during the Chechen conflict, surrendered to militants after his soldiers expressed a desire to lay down their arms. While the remaining soldiers continued to fight, Yaszhenko and approximately a dozen of his men were taken prisoner. He was subsequently charged with multiple articles of the Russian Criminal Code, including insubordination and abuse of power, leading to a public outcry and accusations of a “noble” act by media outlets like “Izvestia,” despite the circumstances. The case involved conflicting accounts between witnesses, the media, and military authorities, with Yaszhenko claiming he was following orders to leave the battlefield. Ultimately, the charges were dropped due to the post-Soviet context and a 50th-anniversary amnesty, with Yaszhenko’s release facilitated by legal maneuvering and the involvement of human rights organizations. The situation remains ambiguous, with questions about Yaszhenko’s future and the attitudes of his former comrades.
That’s it! Imperial Agitpro
1996-12-23 - Tit
Two exhibitions were recently held in Moscow. The first, at the Union Gallery on Smolensk Square, featured a collection of 19th and early 20th-century Russian war posters, primarily from the collection of Yuri Tushin. The exhibition was popular with children due to its colorful and accessible presentation of history, contrasting with the typically somber black-and-white war chronicles of the era. A second concert series, held at the Moscow Conservatory, showcased young vocal talent, including performances by students and graduates of the concertmaster department. These included concerts featuring young soloists like Anna Netrebko, Askar Abdarzaikov, and a memorial concert replicating a 1996 performance of F.I. Chaliapin, featuring the Bolshoi Theater Orchestra and conducted by Peter Ferenco. Both exhibitions raised concerns about the potential emigration of talented young Russian artists.
Shall we all sit down at the computer?
1996-12-23 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
Article 272 of the new Russian Criminal Code, effective January 1, 1997, criminalizes unauthorized access to protected computer information resulting in damage, disruption, modification, or copying, punishable by a fine, correctional labor, or up to two years of imprisonment. Article 273 criminalizes the creation, use, or distribution of malicious software for computers, punishable by up to three years of imprisonment with a fine.
Comrade President!
1996-12-23 - Sergey Kurginyan
This text, written in 1996, is a highly critical and cynical analysis of Boris Yeltsin’s presidency and the state of Russia. It argues that Yeltsin is deeply unwell, both physically and politically, and that his actions are leading the country towards a chaotic and destructive future.
The author, S. Kurginyan, identifies several key threats: Alexander Lebed’s manipulative influence, the rise of regional criminal barons and warlords fueled by economic instability and regional conflicts (particularly on the North Caucasus), and the disintegration of state authority.
Lebed is portrayed as a master manipulator, gathering support from regional elites and exploiting social unrest. The text highlights the increasing fragmentation of Russia into competing regional powers, each with its own agenda and often supported by criminal elements. The author expresses concern about the potential for widespread violence and the collapse of the state.
The piece suggests that Yeltsin’s leadership is failing to address these challenges and that a “second revolution” – potentially violent and destabilizing – is increasingly likely. It concludes with a bleak assessment of the situation, suggesting that only a unified effort to defend a centralized Russia can prevent further catastrophe. The author expresses skepticism about Yeltsin’s ability to steer the country towards a stable future.Son polka
1996-12-23 - Andrey Devyatov
This text recounts the tragic experiences of children caught in the Chechen War, primarily focusing on a nine-year-old boy named Andreyushka (Andryushka), a “son of the regiment.” Andreyushka, orphaned after his parents were killed by Dudayev’s forces, survived by living on a cemetery and eventually joining a military unit. He demonstrated remarkable resourcefulness and combat skills at a young age, becoming adept at using weapons and navigating dangerous situations.
The narrative highlights the widespread abandonment of children, many of whom were forced into a state of servitude, often working as beggars and scavengers for meager rations. Andreyushka’s story exemplifies the profound trauma inflicted upon these children, who were essentially thrust into a brutal, adult world. The text underscores the disturbing reality of children becoming hardened by war, exhibiting a chillingly pragmatic and mature understanding of survival at a young age. It raises serious questions about the long-term psychological impact of this conflict on these children and their potential futures, questioning whether they will be able to escape the cycle of violence and trauma.Not unanimous.
1996-12-30 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The text critiques the practice of commercial publishers using sensationalized covers and titles to maximize book sales, often misleading readers about the content. It specifically cites Yuri Boroday’s “Erotica-Death-Taboos” as an example, where the book’s complex philosophical content—including a critique of Immanuel Kant—is obscured by a provocative cover. The author argues that this approach harms both the reader and the publisher, limiting the book’s audience and highlighting a broader issue of valuable publications disappearing from libraries due to legal restrictions.
Display board
1996-12-30 - Sluzhba bezopasnosti Denʹ
The Duma’s approval of the budget is seen as a tactical victory for the “Chernomyrdin group” over Chubais, achieved through support from the Duma’s left-wing majority. This is significant for Chubais, allowing him to secure agreements with key groupings within the upper house and “regional barons.” Yeltsin’s implication that Chubais doubted the Duma’s budget approval, facilitated by the head of the Presidential Administration through the LDPR faction, is also noted. Within Chechnya, Maschadow and Basayev are predicted to receive roughly equal support (30-35%). Maschadow’s support is confirmed by the Kremlin through key figures like Rybak and Berezhovsky. The visit by Chinese Premier Li Peng is viewed as part of a broader “temporary appeasement” strategy with the US, without implying any political or military partnership. Defense Minister Rodionov’s characterization of China as a security threat is attributed to post-Semyonov scandal-related stress. Finally, the increased political activity of former Security Council Secretary Lebed is linked to a staged leak regarding Yeltsin’s health orchestrated by Korzhakov.
Let’s move on to water procedures.
1996-12-30 - Aleksey Belyakov
This text is a scathing critique of the “Water Code” (VK) drafted in Russia, arguing it’s fundamentally flawed due to its overly complex and contradictory provisions. The author, an engineer-hydrologist, contends the code prioritizes bureaucratic processes and vague legal definitions over practical solutions and the established principles of water rights.
Key criticisms include:
- Misinterpretation of Historical Water Rights: The code ignores the historical precedent of water being a common resource accessible to all citizens, regardless of social class, a principle established in the Russian Empire.
- Overly Complex Legal Definitions: The code introduces artificial distinctions between “citizens” and “legal entities,” unnecessarily complicating the rights and responsibilities associated with water usage.
- Focus on Bureaucracy: The author argues the code’s emphasis on procedures and regulations hinders effective water management and prioritizes administrative processes over practical solutions.
- Contradictory Provisions: The text highlights numerous contradictions within the code, particularly regarding the definition of “water usage” and the rights of individuals versus those of “legal entities.”
- Ignoring Practical Considerations: The author criticizes the code’s failure to address practical issues such as water pollution, the need for adequate infrastructure, and the importance of maintaining water as a common resource.
SOIL WILL FALL – YOU WILL WRITE A NOVEL
1996-12-30 - Nikolay Mishin
The “Palea” publishing house has established the Vasily Starodubtsev Literary Prize to honor the legacy of Vasily Starodubtsev, a recognized leader of Russian peasantry. The prize will award an annual cash prize, a piece of coal from the “Staligorodugol” mine, and a fragment of the “Matrosskaya Tselina” prison wall to the best writer whose work focuses on contemporary rural issues. The publishing house plans to request a yearly fragment of the prison wall be provided to the laureate from the head of the investigation isolation center.
dedicatio
1996-12-30 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
This is a New Year’s ISOP (presumably a type of gathering or event) dedicated to Alexander Voznesensky. The text includes the phrase “ТЬМАТЬМАТЬМАТЬМАТЬМАТЬ” (which translates to “DARK DARK DARK DARK DARK”).
Selling Wonders
1996-12-30 - Redaktsiya Zavtra
The sale of 8.5% of shares in the “United Energy Systems of Russia” (RAO “Yedinyaya Energosistema Rossiyskoy”) closed on December 23rd. According to Nikolai Mikhailov, it is likely that a consortium of foreign banks will acquire over 25% of the shares, along with the right to veto decisions of state institutions that control 51% of the company, effectively placing foreign control over Russia’s national power grid.
The Kremlin’s Slacker’s Office
1996-12-30 - Aleksandr Prokhanov
The text presents a series of stark contrasts depicting Russia’s history through the lens of its leadership and the resulting societal conditions. It begins with descriptions of the opulent, yet ultimately destructive, cabinets of Tsars, Lenin, Stalin, and finally, Yeltsin, each marked by a decline and a subsequent zone of suffering – poverty, death, and exploitation. The narrative shifts to a critique of contemporary Russia, highlighting corruption, economic hardship, and a loss of national spirit. It calls for a renewed commitment to the country, urging action to combat corruption, support patriotic figures, and foster a more productive and hopeful future, culminating in a vision of a revitalized Russia led by capable and loving individuals.
“THE WINNERS ARE NOT JUDGED.”
1996-12-30 - M. Podkopayeva
This text, written in 1996, details the complex and ultimately fragile peace negotiations surrounding the Tajik conflict. The core issue is the uneasy agreement brokered between the Tajik government (led by Rahmonov) and the Tajik opposition, facilitated by Russia. The article highlights the parallels between the Tajik situation and the Chechen conflict, emphasizing the concessions made by Rahmonov and the questionable nature of any Russian “victory.”
The negotiations were fraught with distrust, with the opposition, led by figures like Turadjonzon and Rabban, repeatedly demanding greater power within the newly formed National Reconciliation Commission. The article reveals a shifting landscape of alliances, with the emergence of a “third force” – the Leninabad clan led by Abdulmalik Abdulojonov – who gained significant influence and ultimately shaped the terms of the agreement.
Key points include the constant instability, marked by terrorist attacks and the involvement of various factions including the Taliban and Islamic Revival Movement of Tajikistan. The article questions the long-term viability of the agreements, noting the ambiguous nature of the reconciliation commission and the potential for a return to conflict, particularly concerning the distribution of power, wealth, and the integration of former combatants. It concludes that Russia’s role in Tajikistan is only just beginning, and that the success of the negotiations hinges on the outcome of upcoming elections and the ability to manage the complex clan dynamics within the country.Concert for Violin with Orchestra
1996-12-30 - Sergey Sokolkin
This text recounts the disastrous and frustrating experience of classical musician Konstantin Mережников after being struck by a hit-and-run driver at a wedding reception in Moscow in 1996. The story unfolds through Mережников’s perspective, detailing a series of missteps, inadequate medical care, and bureaucratic indifference following the accident.
Initially, he suffers a severe head injury and is left in a chaotic state at a hospital, receiving inconsistent and ultimately unhelpful treatment from a potentially intoxicated neurologist. He faces delays, dismissive attitudes from medical staff, and a general lack of coordination.
The narrative highlights the absurdity of the situation, with Mережников encountering a revolving door of unresponsive medical professionals, a frustrating bureaucratic process involving multiple departments and committees, and a general sense of being ignored and abandoned.
Despite his injuries and distress, he attempts to navigate the complex system, seeking help from his wife, the Committee for Health of Moscow, and ultimately, leaving the hospital feeling defeated and without proper care. The story serves as a darkly comedic and cynical portrayal of a system failing to provide adequate assistance to a vulnerable individual.